星空传媒

Skip to main content

More research needed into discrimination against Muslim women in Canadian health-care settings: report

Women wear hijabs as they walk in the Old Port in Montreal, Thursday, August 11, 2022. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Graham Hughes Women wear hijabs as they walk in the Old Port in Montreal, Thursday, August 11, 2022. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Graham Hughes
Share

A new report investigating discrimination towards Muslim women in health-care settings has revealed a lack of Canadian data on the topic.

The Muslim Advisory Council of Canada (MACC), along with researchers at McMaster University, released a study on Monday which looked at Islamophobia in health-care settings to try and paint a picture of where the health-care system is failing Muslim women as patients and as health-care professionals.

While the limited data which does exist showed clear areas where discrimination needs to be combatted, the main takeaway of the report was how scarce the data was.

"Given the growing population of Muslims in Canada, we want to also bring light to the inadequate amount of research on this topic,鈥 Tabassum Wyne, Executive Director of the MACC, said in a press release.

"The limited Canadian research on this topic, along with the stories we hear from Canadian Muslim women, tell us that there are several counts of indirect discrimination when women seek medical attention 鈥 which is where we want to expand our focus.鈥

Islamophobia is an ongoing issue in Canada 鈥 on police-reported hate crimes found that hate crimes targeting the Muslim community increased by 71 per cent from 2020 to 2021.

But how discrimination against the Muslim community affects their experiences in the health-care system has rarely been looked at.

When confronted with the lack of data tracking discrimination against Muslim women in Canada鈥檚 health-care system, researchers incorporated comparative data from similar countries.

They surveyed 14 studies in total published from 2004 to 2022, including eight from the U.S., and three studies each from Canada and the U.K.

The studies included more than 1,900 participants in total, with each study鈥檚 focus ranging from surveying patients about their experiences with palliative care or maternal care, to others that spoke to psychologists about Muslim womens鈥 experiences.

All of the studies included Muslim women among the participants, with seven studies focused only on Muslim women. Although the report was originally hoping to look at the health-care experiences of both Muslim women and children, researchers said they couldn鈥檛 find any studies that looked at the experiences of Muslim children in health-care settings.

Researchers looked at both overt discrimination, such as physical aggression, and more subtle forms of discrimination, such as patients reporting that they were treated dismissively or ignored.

鈥淲e found six studies in which patients felt that their race, gender, religion, or combination of those identities may have impacted the level of care they received,鈥 the report stated.

鈥淒uring doctor visits, some studies reported people feeling discriminated against as humans and treated poorly by staff. Lack of dignity, stereotypical comments, prejudiced attitudes, and aggressive behaviour were only some of the experiences of Muslim patients at different health-care settings.鈥

The studies showed a variety of health-care experiences, with the lack of data making it hard to pinpoint how prevalent discrimination is in Canada鈥檚 health-care system compared to others.

One study from Ontario that looked at patient experiences in perinatal care found that most women in the study were pleased with how health-care practitioners respected their beliefs and practices, such as supporting requests for modesty and the requirement of halal food. However, there were only 19 participants.

A U.S. study with 164 participants found that half of the group reported being excluded or ignored in health-care settings, while 44 per cent experienced problems in wearing Islamic clothing in a health-care setting.

Although Muslim people make up a much smaller percentage of the population in the U.S. 鈥 1.1 per cent compared to 4.9 per cent of the Canadian population 鈥 there was far more research on the experience of Muslim Americans in health-care settings than Muslim Canadians.

The smallest Canadian study that was surveyed had only had six participants, with the largest being one with 450 participants, underlining a need for more Canadian data on this topic.

"To our knowledge, there have been no large-scale Canadian studies quantifying the extent of Islamophobia towards Muslims in Canada using representative samples and validated measures," Krishian Camargo, McMaster Research Shop Team Lead, said in the release.

"The Canadian health-care system is responsible for ensuring appropriate and effective care for all its citizens, yet evidence suggests not everyone is treated equally.鈥

A found that 50 per cent of Canadians say the country has a problem with Islamophobia, while the other 50 per cent say it does not. Those who were most likely to view Islam negatively were also the most likely to say that Canada did not have an Islamophobia problem.

Combatting Islamophobia is only possible with sufficient research to assess the issue, experts say.

鈥淭he first step is doing the research, and then we can work on outcomes,鈥 Wyne said. 鈥淏ut let's follow suit with other countries and get the research done as a next step.鈥

A group of pediatricians who have formed an Anti-Racism Coalition at McMaster Children鈥檚 Hospital stated in response to this work that it was important to address 鈥渢he growing needs of those facing racism and hate from Islamophobia through development of resources, standardized processes, and policies.鈥

MACC is hoping that with support from federal and provincial governments, they can conduct more health equity research to create a better picture of the experiences of visible minority and immigrant women in Canada, including children. 

CTVNews.ca 星空传媒

Police have arrested an 18-year-old woman who allegedly stole a Porsche and then ran over its owner in an incident that was captured on video.

Since she was a young girl growing up in Vancouver, Ginny Lam says her mom Yat Hei Law made it very clear she favoured her son William, because he was her male heir.

Advocates have identified the woman who died this week after being shot by police in Surrey, B.C., as a South American refugee who was raising a young daughter.

Three men were injured after trying to subdue a man armed with a knife during afternoon prayers at a Montreal-area mosque Friday afternoon.

A 15-year-old boy who was the subject of an emergency alert in New Brunswick has been arrested.

The search for a missing six-year-old boy in Shamattawa is continuing Friday as RCMP hope recent tips can help lead to a happy conclusion.

Provincial police investigating the death of a cat that was allegedly set on fire in Orillia earlier this week released surveillance video of a person of interest in the case.

Local Spotlight

Getting a photograph of a rainbow? Common. Getting a photo of a lightning strike? Rare. Getting a photo of both at the same time? Extremely rare, but it happened to a Manitoba photographer this week.

An anonymous business owner paid off the mortgage for a New Brunswick not-for-profit.

They say a dog is a man鈥檚 best friend. In the case of Darren Cropper, from Bonfield, Ont., his three-year-old Siberian husky and golden retriever mix named Bear literally saved his life.

A growing group of brides and wedding photographers from across the province say they have been taken for tens of thousands of dollars by a Barrie, Ont. wedding photographer.

Paleontologists from the Royal B.C. Museum have uncovered "a trove of extraordinary fossils" high in the mountains of northern B.C., the museum announced Thursday.

The search for a missing ancient 28-year-old chocolate donkey ended with a tragic discovery Wednesday.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police is celebrating an important milestone in the organization's history: 50 years since the first women joined the force.

It's been a whirlwind of joyful events for a northern Ontario couple who just welcomed a baby into their family and won the $70 million Lotto Max jackpot last month.

A Good Samaritan in New Brunswick has replaced a man's stolen bottle cart so he can continue to collect cans and bottles in his Moncton neighbourhood.