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The vote in the 15-member council was 13-1, with the United Kingdom abstaining. The United States' isolated stand reflected a growing fracture between Washington and some of its closest allies over Israel's monthslong bombardment of Gaza. France and Japan were among those supporting the call for a ceasefire.

• Complete coverage of the Israel-Hamas war

In a vain effort to press the Biden administration to drop its opposition to calling for a halt to the fighting, the foreign ministers of Egypt, Jordan, the Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Turkiye were all in Washington on Friday. But their meeting with Secretary of State Antony Blinken took place only after the U.N. vote.

Along with the vote, the Arab diplomats' mission served to shift responsibility more squarely onto the United States for protecting Israel from growing demands to stop the airstrikes that are killing thousands of Palestinian civilians.

"What is the message we are sending Palestinians if we cannot unite behind a call to halt the relentless bombardment of Gaza?" United Arab Emirates deputy ambassador Mohamed Abushaha asked after the vote. "Indeed, what is the message we are sending civilians across the world who may find themselves in similar situations?"

U.S. deputy ambassador Robert Wood called the resolution "imbalanced" and criticized the council after the vote for its failure to condemn Hamas' Oct. 7 attack on Israel in which the militants killed about 1,200 people, mostly civilians, or to acknowledge Israel's right to defend itself. He declared that halting military action would allow Hamas to continue to rule Gaza and "only plant the seeds for the next war."

"Hamas has no desire to see a durable peace, to see a two-state solution," Wood said before the vote. "For that reason, while the United States strongly supports a durable peace, in which both Israelis and Palestinians can live in peace and security, we do not support calls for an immediate ceasefire."

Israel's military campaign has killed more than 17,400 people in Gaza -- 70 per cent of them women and children -- and wounded more than 46,000, according to the Palestinian territory's Health Ministry, which says many others are trapped under rubble. The ministry does not differentiate between civilian and combatant deaths.

Abushahab, the UAE diplomat, said before the vote that the resolution, which his country sponsored, had garnered nearly 100 co-sponsors in less than 24 hours, a reflection of global support for efforts to end the war and save Palestinian lives.

After the vote, he expressed deep disappointment at the U.S. veto and warned that the Security Council is growing isolated and "appears untethered" from its mandate to ensure international peace and security.

Ambassador Nicolas De Riviere of France, a veto-wielding permanent council member who supported the resolution, lamented its lack of unity and pleaded "for a new, immediate and lasting humanitarian truce that should lead to a sustainable ceasefire."

Russia's deputy U.N. ambassador Dmitry Polyansky called the vote "one of the darkest days in the history of the Middle East" and accused the United States of issuing "a death sentence to thousands, if not tens of thousands more civilians in Palestine and Israel, including women and children."

He said "history will judge Washington's actions" in the face of what he called a "merciless Israeli bloodbath."

The council called the emergency meeting to hear from Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, who for the first time invoked Article 99 of the U.N. Charter, which enables a U.N. chief to raise threats he sees to international peace and security. He warned of an "humanitarian catastrophe" in Gaza and urged the council to demand a humanitarian ceasefire.

Guterres said he raised Article 99 -- which hadn't been used at the U.N. since 1971 -- because "there is a high risk of the total collapse of the humanitarian support system in Gaza." The U.N. anticipates this would result in "a complete breakdown of public order and increased pressure for mass displacement into Egypt," he warned.

Gaza is at "a breaking point," he said, and desperate people are at serious risk of starvation.

Guterres said Hamas' brutality against Israelis on Oct. 7 "can never justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people."

"While indiscriminate rocket fire by Hamas into Israel, and the use of civilians as human shields, are in contravention of the laws of war, such conduct does not absolve Israel of its own violations," he stressed.

The U.N. chief detailed the "humanitarian nightmare" Gaza is facing, citing intense, widespread and ongoing Israeli attacks from air, land and sea that reportedly have hit 339 education facilities, 26 hospitals, 56 health care facilities, 88 mosques and three churches.

Over 60 per cent of Gaza's housing has reportedly been destroyed or damaged, some 85 per cent of the population has been forced from their homes, the health system is collapsing, and "nowhere in Gaza is safe," Guterres said.

Riyad Mansour, the Palestinian U.N. ambassador, told the council that Israel's objective is "the ethnic cleansing of the Gaza Strip" and "the dispossession and forcible displacement of the Palestinian people."

"If you are against the destruction and displacement of the Palestinian people, you have to be in favour of an immediate ceasefire," Mansour said. "When you refuse to call for a ceasefire, you are refusing to call for the only thing that can put an end to war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide."

After the vote, he called the U.S. veto "disastrous" and said it was "a terrible day for the Security Council."

"We reject this result, and we'll continue resorting to every legitimate avenue to stop these abhorrent atrocities," Mansour said.

But Israel's Defense Minister Yoav Gallant thanked the United States for its "bold leadership."

"A ceasefire is handing a prize to Hamas, dismissing the hostages held in Gaza, and signalling terror groups everywhere," he said in a statement. "Stand with Israel in our mission. We are fighting for our future, and we are fighting for the free world."

In Washington, Jordan's top diplomat told reporters that the killings of Palestinian civilians in Israel's bombardment and siege of Gaza were war crimes and threatened to destabilize the region, the U.S. and the world for years to come.

"If people are not seeing it here, we are seeing it," Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi said, adding: "We're seeing the challenges that we are are facing talking to our people. They are all saying we're doing nothing. Because despite all our efforts, Israel is continuing these massacres."

Amnesty International's Secretary General Agnes Callamard criticized the U.S. for continuing to transfer munitions to the Israeli government "that contribute to the decimation of entire families."

And Louis Charbonneau, U.N. director at Human Rights Watch, said that by providing weapons and diplomatic cover to Israel "as it commits atrocities, including collectively punishing the Palestinian civilian population in Gaza, the U.S. risks complicity in war crimes."

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Associated Press writers Ellen Knickmeyer and Matthew Lee in Washington contributed.