Colombia for the first time elected a leftist as its next president, but the slim victory is a cue that a large portion of the country rejects the ambitious proposals of Gustavo Petro, who will have to consider their concerns and negotiate with a divided Congress to be able to govern, let alone deliver on promises.
Petro, in his third attempt to win the presidency, on Sunday defeated by three percentage points another anti-establishment candidate, real estate tycoon Rodolfo Hernandez, in a runoff election that became an indictment of the centrist and right-leaning politics that have long dominated the South American nation.
But the former rebel-turned-president-elect faces a steep battle to carry out the changes that his supporters want to see as the nation struggles with rising inequality, inflation and violence.
"Petro has set very high expectations from his proposals, and when he delivered his victory speech, he sort of inflated those expectations," said Silvana Amaya, a senior analyst with the firm Control Risks.
"Therefore, there is a lot of room for disappointment if he does not meet those expectations that the people, especially the young population, have right now because they are expecting life to be absolutely different from all those social reforms that he is proposing."
Petro has proposed pension, tax, health and agricultural reforms and changes to how Colombia fights drug cartels and other armed groups. But his coalition only has about 15% of the seats in Congress, which will force him to make deals, curb some reforms or even ditch others.
Amaya said a negotiated, scaled-down version of Petro's proposed revenue-raising tax reform could be approved by Congress as the absence of one could put into question the government's finances. But other plans will likely stall, she said. He wants the tax reform to finance social programs, including free higher education and subsidies for mothers who are heads of households.
In a nod to the resistance, Petro during his victory speech addressed the other half of Colombia that did not vote for him and proposed a "great national dialogue" that includes his staunchest opponents to achieve consensus.
"The fact that this platform took him to victory indicates that most Colombians believe that the state should take on a greater role in providing social services such as health, social security and education," Erica Fraga, senior analyst with the Economist Intelligence Unit, a research group linked to the Economist magazine, said in a statement.
But, Fraga added, "... If he does not show a willingness to compromise and moderate some of his radical proposals, his ability to deliver on his promises will be undermined, causing his popularity to dip and increasing the risk of social unrest."
Petro's showing was the latest leftist political victory in Latin America fueled by voters' desire for change. Chile, Peru and Honduras elected leftist presidents in 2021, and in Brazil, former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva is leading the polls for this year's presidential election.
Petro, 62, will be officially declared winner after a formal count that will take a few days. Historically, the preliminary results have coincided with the final ones.
About 21.6 million of the 39 million eligible voters cast a ballot Sunday. Abstentionism has been above 40% in every presidential election since 1990.
President Ivan Duque was not eligible for reelection.
Polls ahead of the runoff had indicated Petro and Hernandez -- both former mayors -- were in a tight race since they topped four other candidates in the initial May 29 election. Neither got enough votes to win outright and headed into the runoff.
Petro's win in Latin America's third-most populous nation was more than a defeat of Hernandez. It also put an end to Colombia's long stigmatization of the left for its perceived association with the armed conflict, which lasted for five decades with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia until 2016 with the signing of a peace agreement. Petro was once a rebel with the now-defunct M-19 movement and was jailed for his involvement with the group, which signed a peace agreement in 1991.
Sunday's results also gave Colombia its first Black female vice president. Petro's running mate, Francia Marquez, 40, is a lawyer and environmental leader whose opposition to illegal mining resulted in threats and a grenade attack in 2019.
While her election is historic, some see her as a potential obstacle for Petro because of her unwillingness to make concessions to traditional parties.
Sergio Guzman, founder of the firm Colombia Risk Analysis, said Petro must show an openness to sharing Cabinet positions with other parties.
"We witnessed how unproductive Ivan Duque's first year was by not giving into `pork barrel' politics and yielding to the content of his initial package of laws then," Guzman said. "It is unlikely that the incoming president would like to repeat the same experience."
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Garcia Cano reported from Caracas, Venezuela.
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